Low Frequency

Chart of cultural control of European Modernism

Periods of supervision

Soviet: 1920-90 destructive
Nazi: 1930-45 lethal
US: 1945-… destructive/supportive

green = modernist groups, individuals and regions exposed to facist repression German, Spanish, Italian, Vichy etc.

red = modernists exposed to Soviet repression pre and post-war: by group, region and individuals

light green = pre-war modernists who were protected in neutral zones